Evaluación de los gastos de explotación, económicos y energéticos en la labor de cultivo del frijol, tomate y papa comparando el tractor YUMZ-6M con yunta de bueyes
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Abstract
Con el objetivo de evaluar los gastos de explotación, económicos y energéticos de dos conjuntos: tractor-cultivador y yuntacultivador con tres y un órganos de trabajo, respectivamente, en la labor de cultivo del frijol, tomate y papa en un suelo Ferralítico rojo, se midieron los tiempos de cada labor, profundidad, ancho, velocidad de trabajo y gasto de combustible. Mediante las metodologías existentes se calcularon dichos gastos, precisándose los gastos energéticos de la yunta de bueyes. Comparando el primer conjunto con el segundo, se obtuvo que la yunta fue más eficiente económica y energéticamente que el primero. Para cultivar 5,594; 6,007 y 14,90 ha con el tractor-cultivador en jornada laboral de 8 h para dichos cultivos, respectivamente, se requieren cinco, siete y nueve yunta-cultivador laborando 6 h, y con el doble del ancho de trabajo del primer conjunto para su mejor conformación, se obtiene que el tractor-cultivador es más eficiente productiva, económica y energéticamente que la yunta.
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