Uso de energía integrando Sistemas de Labranza y Mejoradores de suelo en zonas semiáridas de México
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Abstract
Se determinó el uso de energía de tres sistemas de labranza (L1 convencional, L2 vertical y L3 cero) integrando mejoradores orgánicos, para establecer que manejo tiene un efecto en el corto plazo (dos años) en una menor demanda de energía para las labores. Se realizaron mediciones en el ciclo de cultivo 2012 en un experimento iniciado en 2010 bajo arreglo experimental de parcelas divididas con tres sistemas de labranza como parcelas principales, las subparcelas fueron tres mejoradores de suelo (algas, micorrizas y composta) y una testigo sin mejorador, para un total de 12 unidades experimentales repetidas tres veces. Se midió la fuerza requerida en Newton (N) para las labores de cada sistema e implementos con un dinamómetro integrado al levante hidráulico del tractor. Se calculó la energía en Mega Joules (MJ) necesaria para cada área y sistema de laboreo. Los resultados muest ran diferencias significativas en las energías medidas ent re los sistemas de labranza pero no entre los tratamientos con mejoradores orgánicos. En comparación con L1 y L2, L3 representa una disminución de uso de energía de 87% y 84,5% respectivamente. Estadísticamente no existe diferencia entre la cantidad de energía gastada por la labranza convencional y la labranza vertical sin embargo con esta última se disminuye en 15,6% el uso de energía en relación a la primera. En el corto plazo, la única posibilidad de disminuir la demanda de energía en los sistemas de producción en la zona semiárida es reducir las labores utilizando sistemas de labranza de conservación.
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